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First & Second Declension
Adjectives Class I
Question 1
 
Analyze the following words (substantives only) and write the corresponding Declension, Case, Number and Gender. If a word has more than one case then list them all.
 DeclensionCaseNumberGender

ancillarum

1

gen.

pl. 

f. 

templo

2

dat.

abl.

sing.

sing.

n.

n.

poetas

1

acc.

pl.

m.

insulae

1

gen.

dat.

nom.

voc.

sing.

sing.

pl.

pl.

f.

f.

f.

f.

lupe

2

voc.

sing.

m.

agricolă

1

nom.

voc.

sing.

sing.

m.

m.

servi

2

gen.

nom.

voc.

sing.

pl.

pl.

m.

m.

m. 

luporum

2

 gen.

pl. 

m. 

poetas

1

 acc.

pl. 

m. 

magistri

2

gen.

nom.

voc.

sing.

pl.

pl.

m.

m.

m. 

matronă

1

nom.

voc.

sing.

sing.

f.

f.

puerum

2

acc.

gen.

sing.

pl. 

m.

m. 

scholām 

1 

acc.

sing. 

f. 

puellae

1

gen.

dat.

nom.

voc.

sing.

sing.

pl.

pl.

f.

f.

f.

f. 

insulam

1 

 acc.

sing. 

f. 

discipulae

1

gen.

dat.

nom.

voc.

sing.

sing.

pl.

pl.

f.

f.

f.

f.

agricola

1 

nom.

voc.

abl. 

sing.

sing.

sing. 

m.

m.

m. 

puerorum

2 

gen. 

pl. 

m. 

discipulorum

2

gen.

pl. 

m. 

 
Question 2
 
Without changing the case of the following singular words, find the corresponding plural and write down the case or cases if the same answer applies to more than one case. Pay attention to some of the shown accents to indicate the particular case it refers to:
Word (sing.)pluralCase(s)

puella

puellae

nom., voc. 

templi

templorum

gen. 

servum

servos 

acc. 

magister

magistri

nom., voc.

agricolā

agricolis 

abl. 

puellā

puellis 

abl. 

discipulus

discipuli 

nom., voc. 

discipulā

discipulis 

abl.

spină

spinae

nom., voc. 

lupo

lupis 

dat., abl. 

poetam

poetas 

acc. 

nautae

nautarum 

gen. 

herba

herbae 

nom., voc. 

templum

templa 

nom., acc., voc. 

magistrī

magistrorum 

gen. 

bellum

bella 

nom., acc., voc. 

hora

horae 

nom., voc. 

hortus

horti

nom. 

olivā

olivis 

abl.

 

Question 3

 

Without changing the case of the following plural words, find the corresponding singular and write down the case or cases if the same answer applies to more than one case:
Word (pl.)Sing.Case(s) 
   

stellarum

stellae 

gen. 

casis 

casae

casa 

dat.

abl. 

filias 

filiam 

acc. 

viae

via

via 

nom.

voc. 

triumviri 

triumvir 

nom.

voc. 

verba 

verbum

verbum

verbum 

nom.

acc.

voc. 

liberorum 

liberi 

gen. 

pueri 

puer

puer 

nom.

voc. 

tablinis

tablino 

dat.

abl. 

culinae

culina

nom.

voc. 

cibos

cibum

acc.

mensarum 

mensae 

gen. 

atria

atrium 

nom.

acc.

voc. 

   
   
   
   
   
 
Question 4
Write down a summary table of the first and second declensions and state their basic rules of declension.
 
Answer: 1- for endings in -a and -us:
CaseRoseWolfPoet

Apple

tree

War
  f. m. m. f.n. 

nom 

rosa

lupus 

poeta

malus 

bellum 

 gen

rosae 

lupi

poetae 

mali 

belli 

 dat

rosae

lupo

poetae

malo

bello

 acc

rosam

lupum

poetam 

malum

bellum

 voc

rosa

lupe

poeta

male

bellum

 abl

rosa

lupo

poeta

malo

bello

 

 

 

 

 

 

 nom

rosae

lupi

poetae

mali

bella

 gen

rosarum

luporum

poetarum

malorum

bellorum

 dat

rosis

lupis 

poetis 

malis

bellis

 acc

rosas 

lupos

poetas

malos

bella

 voc

rosae 

lupi

poetae

mali

bella

 abl

rosis 

lupis

poetis

malis

bellis 

 
2- For endings in -er and -ir
Case

teacher

master

man
m. m.  

nom.

magister 

vir 

 

gen.

magistri 

viri 

 

dat.

magistro

viro

 

acc.

magistrum

virum

 

voc.

magister

vir

 

abl. 

magistro

viro

 

 

 

 

 

 nom.

magistri

viri

 

gen.

magistrorum

virorum or virum

 

 dat.

magistris

viris

 

acc.

magistros

viros

 

voc.

magistri

viri

 

abl. 

magistris

viris

 

 
Summary of rules:
  1. Words that end in -a in the nom. sing. and -ae in the gen. sing. belong to the first declension and are declined accordingly. The majority are feminine in gender but there are exceptions for some masculine words that are declined identically.
  2. Words that end in -us in the nom. sing. and -i in the gen. sing. belong to the second declension, are primarely masculine, except for some feminine words, and are declined alike.
  3. Words that end in -er or -ir  in the nom. sing. and -i in the gen. sing. are always masculine and belong to the second declension.
  4. Words that end in -um in the nom. sing. and -i in the gen. sing. are neutral and belong to the second declension, but the endings for the nom., acc. and voc. are alike, in -um for the sing. and in -a for the plural, respectively.

 

 

 

Question 5

For each of the six Latin cases write down a summary table of the corresponding complements in the English Language syntax.

 
CaseComplements
  

nom. 

subject; attribute of the subject or predicative of the subject.

 

gen.

possessive direct object

 

dat.

indirect object expressing end, aim, purpose or advantage; sometimes agency.

 

acc.

direct object

or if in conjunction with a preposition then it expresses an indirect object with a sense of time continuity, or motion towards or through a place.

 

voc.

complement of calling

 

abl.

all the other types (infinite number) of indirect objects 

 

 
 
Question 6
In each of the following short sentences, explain the reason for the wrong translation.
 
I offered roses to the matrons.
 
a- donavi rosas matronis             Correct
b- donavi rosae matronis              Wrong
 
I am giving roses to the young women of the island.
 
a- dono rosas insularum puellis    Wrong
b- dono rosas insulae puellis        Correct